The cone is the most visible portion of a speaker and is the only portion that needs to move up and down. The movement of the cone pushes the air, generating high and low pressure. This is what creates sound waves.
These waves would be quite similar to the electrical wave that was transmitted to the speaker in the first place.
Because the ratio between the mass of air pushed through and the magnet strength is low, small speakers are better at transients (quick changes in frequency) and volume changes.
What distinguishes large speakers from smaller ones, is the capacity of reproducing low frequencies. A large cone can move large amounts of air and produce low-frequency waves.
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The term "cabinet" refers to the enclosure in which a loudspeaker is installed. The enclosure's main purpose is to keep rear “negative phase” sound waves from combining with “positive phase” sound waves from the front. Otherwise, cancellation and interference patterns would occur, compromising the speaker's efficiency and sound quality. The ideal cabinet would dampen the rear sound completely.
What occurs when the size of the cabinet is altered:
For any given port diameter, what occurs when the length of the port is altered: